Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology

A Review on the Optimization of Porous Glass-Ceramics Through a Mixed-Method Approach

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This review investigates the optimization of the controlled crystallization process for porous glass-ceramic materials, with a focus on basalt-based compositions, to enhance their mechanical and thermal properties for functional applications such as thermal insulation and lightweight structural components. A critical gap identified in the current literature is the lack of comprehensive studies that integrate process parameters, pore structure, and material performance. Additionally, the potential of local materials such as basalt, particularly in the context of Indonesia’s abundant basalt reserves, remains underexplored. This review synthesizes findings from studies employing a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative experimental designs that evaluate the influence of key variables—temperature, heating time, and composition—on the crystallization process and pore formation in glass-ceramics. The findings aim to provide a more nuanced understanding of process-property relationships and contribute to the development of sustainable, energy-efficient basalt-based ceramic materials. The insights presented are expected to inform the formulation of practical and efficient production strategies, driving the application of porous glass-ceramics in industrial sectors as advanced materials.

Integrated of Aerodinamics Tip and Hub of Wind Turbine on Composite Materials

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Global energy consumption is increasing, this is because human needs are dependent on electricity. However, many power plants still depend on fossil fuels, so the impact on the environment is getting bigger as energy consumption increases. It is necessary to develop renewable energy sources, to reduce the use of fossil fuels. One of them is using renewable energy from wind sources. The purpose of this research is to conduct simulations to analyze the aerodynamics and pressure distribution in the tip and hub areas of a wind turbine using QBlade, then conduct experiments in making composite specimens that will later be applied to wind turbines according to the design. This research shows that the highest pressure occurs at the tip and hub of the blade, so it is necessary to improve strong and lightweight materials by using bamboo fiber composites.

The Influence of P2 and PC3 Polygonal Shaft Machining Parameters on the Quality of Machining Results Using a Mazak CNC Type QTE 200-MY SG

Syahrul Rhamadhan , Irza Sukmana, Rizal Adi Saputra, Novrinaldi — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Shafts are vital components in mechanical systems that function to transmit motion to elements such as rotors and gears. Although keyed and splined joints are commonly used due to their ease of manufacturing, polygonal shafts of the P2 and PC3 types according to DIN standards offer advantages in transmission efficiency and torque resistance. This study focuses on the CAD modeling, CAM simulation, and CNC machining of P2- and PC3-type coupling shafts. The modeling was carried out using SolidWorks based on DIN standard dimensions, while the CAM simulation was conducted using Esprit TNG. The machining process employed a Mazak CNC QTE 200-MY SG machine with parameter variations based on material type (carbon steel and stainless steel). Evaluation was performed through surface roughness measurements using a surface roughness tester and dimensional inspection using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The results show that the toolpath runs optimally, and the depth of cut (DoC) has a significant effect on surface quality. A smaller DoC produces a smoother surface but requires longer machining time, whereas a larger DoC speeds up the process but reduces surface quality. Dimensional deviations from the CAD design are suspected to be caused by suboptimal quantity and distribution of reference points during CMM measurement.

Mastering Research Conceptualisation with Digital Tools and Ethical Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review across Africa

Jackson Ndolo, Eunice Njagi, Boniface Kimwere, Prosperine Kendi — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This systematic review explores how artificial intelligence and digital tools are reshaping postgraduate research conceptualisation across Africa. Drawing on 52 empirical studies published between 2019 and 2025 from countries including Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, and Rwanda, the review highlights how platforms like ChatGPT, ResearchRabbit, and Scite have enhanced research topic refinement, literature synthesis, and theoretical mapping. Findings show significant gains in research clarity and student confidence, particularly in institutions with structured AI ethics training such as CMU-Africa and the University of Cape Town. However, the study also identifies pressing ethical and contextual challenges ranging from overreliance on AI to the cultural misalignment of Western-trained algorithms. A persistent policy gap in many African universities raises further concerns about misuse and academic integrity. The review concludes with a call for Africa-specific AI frameworks, institution-level enforcement mechanisms, and investments in context-aware digital tools. This work invites scholars, supervisors, and policymakers to collaboratively shape a future where AI empowers, rather than undermines, African academic excellence.

Effectiveness of DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) and Walsh Transforms Employing DWT-SVD (Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition) Designed for Watermarking

Er. Kulbushan Rassewatt, Er Deepak Vatts — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This work provides a color DWT-DCT-SVD-based picture watermarking method. Singular value decomposition is used to factorize each sector of each frequency sub-band after employing DCT to specified wavelet sub-bands. The watermark is integrated in the image and has the same values as the host image by altering the unique point of the cover image. The efficiency from presented strategy matched and analyzed by substituting Walsh in place of DCT within the preceding mixture. Walsh produces an approach that is statistically quick and has satisfactory accuracy. The method's imperceptibility is assessed by inserting a watermark/logo in the HH1, HL2, and HH2 frequency sub bands. Using HH1 sub-bands instead of HL2 and HH2 sub-bands to incorporate watermarks is more durable and undetectable.